Social referencing is a developmental process in which infants and young children look to trusted caregivers for emotional cues to understand and react to ambiguous, new, or uncertain situations. Children use facial expressions, voice, or body language cues to work out if a situation is safe or dangerous. As adults we continue to gain information from how others respond, particularly in uncertain or emotionally charged situations. We use this to guide how we feel or respo

IS TRAINING A DIRTY WORD? Apparently, according to some! I believe this reflects a misunderstanding by some dog professionals of what the term means and the range of experiences it encompasses. Here's a great explanation from Wlodarczyk et al. 2024. ""In everyday English, “training” implies the intentional imposition by one individual of a program of discipline or instruction on another in order to change their behavior. One of the insights of behavioral psychology is that in

(or don't let worrying too much about 'future dog' stop you from enjoying 'present dog' right now!) As dog trainers we encourage you to...

All behaviour follows a sequence - the ABC behaviour chain. A Antecedents B Behaviour C Consequences The Antecedent is what happens...

SMART stands for SEE, MARK AND REWARD TRAINING . The principles behind this training are to teach you to notice, acknowledge and reward...